.. *, .. ** * , ovs@cepl.rssi.ru ** - . , ov.smirnova@mtu-net.ru , , , ­ . . , (Colle, Landers, 1996; Everett, Lehmkuhl, 1996). . ­ . , (, 1930; , 1945, 1955; , 1978). , (, 1950, 1964; , 1975; , 1976, 1977, 1988). , (Gatzuk et al., 1980; Shorina, Smirnova, 1985; , 1987; , 1994). 302 . - . , (, 1955; , 1964; , 1964; , 1988). - (, 1968; - ., 1973; , , 1985). , . ( ., 1993; , 1998). . ( , 1989), ­ ( ., 1993). . : 1) ( ); 2) , ; 3) ( : ., 1975) ( , ); 4) : (Whittaker, 1953; Whittaker, Lewin, 1977). , , ( ., 1990; .., 1994; , 1998; .., 2004). , , .. . ­ . , , , ( ) / . - ( / ) 303 , , .. . , . , , . , , (, , 1998). (Braun-Blauquet, Pavillard, 1925; , 1975) ( ) ( ). R- K- (, 1981); C- (, 1925; , 1975; Grime, 1979; , 1985; , 1987; ., 1989), (key species) (Owen-Smith,1987, 1989; The mosaic-cycle.., 1991). (, - -, , ) / . , . , . , (, , 1998). , ( , ) . , «gap mosaic concept» «mosaic cycle concept» (The ecology..., 1985; The mosaic-cycle concept..., 1991; Kuuluvainen, 1994; McCarthy, 2001), , . 304 (, 1998, 2004; .., 2004) . 1. , ( ) . , , , , -, , . ­ . 2. ­ . , . , , . 3. , , . 4. ­ . - . 5. . , (, 1998; ..., 2004). ­ , , ( ). , , .. 305 (), , - , . , «» «». , , ? 100 (Clements, 1936). , (Tansley, 1935) . , (, 1975). , - «» , , , . -, - , - , . - (, 1950; , 1975; Harper, 1977; The population structure.., 1985; , ., 1993; , 1998; 2004; .., 2004), . «» «», . ( , ). : «306 », , . . 1. () ( ) . 2. ­ ( ) ( ) , . 3. ­ , . 4. ­ . , .. . . 5. () . , . 6. ­ , , , , . . , , . 100 «», «». , 307 . ­ . , - , , : , , , . ­ ( ). () , , , , . , , , (, 1998; .., 2004), , . . , , , . : , (, 2004). «» : , (, , , ) , ­ . , , «» : 308 1. , , : . 2. - , ( ) ­ . , . 3. , . , . ­ , , ; , . ( ) , . ( ), , ( ). () , , (, 1964). , . , , , . ( ) . () , (, ) 309 , ( .., 1986; .., 1985; Broschart, Jonston, Naiman 1989; Jonston, Naiman, 1990; .., 1994; , 1998; .., 2004). ­ . , (Watt, 1925; Falinski, 1978; Forest Succession.., 1981; Denslow, 1`987; , 1991). : 1) («» ­ «gaps» ­ ) ­ ; 2) - ( ­ «tree fall» ­ ) , «» , , , ( ., 1983). , , , , . ­ . ­ : ­ (, , , .), - . : 1) - , , , - - ; 2) - - , , , , ; 3) - , , ; 310 4) - . - : . «» . , . ­ (, 1998, 2001; .., 2004). , . , « » . , . . : 1) - , , , , . ­ ; 2) , , - , « », . , . : , , , . , .. , - , ­ - . , , . , 311 . , , ­ . . ( ) . (, 1960, 1979) : , , (, , .). (, , , .) . , . (). . «» . , . . , , . . . , () (, , ) . , , . , () , , , . , ­ . , 312 . , - , (, 2004). () , , , , , - (, 1979, 1980, 1984; .., 1985; .., 1986; The mosaic-cycle.., 1991). - , 60­70% . , , . , . , , , ( ). : 1) (); 2) , , . - , , . . - , . 313 , . , , , , . , , . ­ (, , , , .) (, , , .). : 1) - - , , , ; 2) - , , , ; 3) - ; 4) - , - , , , . , , , , . - , (, , .) 314 . - , - , C-, ST-, R-. - (, 1951; .., 1970; , , 1974). , , , , . () , . , , ­ ­ . . ( .,1997), . , , , « ». : . - - ( ) . . 315 , . (, ) . () , , , , . .. . ., 1979. 127 . .. ­ // . ., 1980. . 31­42. .. . ., 1984. 282 . .. // . , 1970. . 5­31. .. . ., 1989. 254 . ., ., . . , , . ., 1989. . 1, 2. 667 ., 427 . . ., 1994. 364 . : . ., 2004. . 1. 479 . . 2. 575 . .. - // . . 1951. . 79, 4. . 69­71. .. . ., 1978. 172 . .. . ., 1968. 404 . .. . . . ... . . . ., 1994. 70 . .., .. . ., 1974 123 . .. . ., 1960. 156 . .. X ­ XIX . ., 1979. 181 . 316 .. // . . 1991. . 8. . 7­20. .. () // , ., 1964. . 39­131. .. . ., 1985. 136 . .., .. . , 1998. 413 . . ., 1985. 289 . .. .; ., 1930. 410 . .. , // . . . . 1955. 9. . 25­37. . . ., 1975. 740 . . . ., 1981. 399 . .. . , 1988. 23 . .. // . 1950. . 1. . 465­ 483. .. // . .; ., 1964. . 3. . 132­ 208. .. //. . . . 1975. .80. . 2. . 5­17. .. . , 1925. 37 . . ., 1986. 189 . .., .., .. . ., 1983. 187 . .. . .:, 1987. 206 . .. // . . 1998. . 2. . 25­39. .. ( ) // . 2004. 3. . 15­26. .., .., .., .., .., .., .. ( ). , 1990. 92 . .., .., .. // . . . 1993. .54, 3 . 441­448. .., .., .., .. . ., 1997. 575 . . ., 1970. 101 . .. // . 1998. 1. . 42­49 .. . ., 2001. 156 . 317 .. // . . 1945. . 47. 6. .23­29. .. . . ., 1972. . 1. 405 . .. . . ., 1975. .3. 543 . - .., .., .. . ., 1973. 277 . .. // . . 1975. 2. . 7­34. ( ) ., 1976. 216 . . . ., 1977. 134 . ( ). ., 1988. 182 . .., .. . . ., 1985. 159 . Braun-Blauquet J., Pavillard J. Vocabulaire de sociologie vegetale 2 ed. Montpellier. 1925 22 p. Broschart M.R., Jonston C.A., Naiman R.J. 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