,    .          ,      .          -    ,    ­ .        . 
 ..,  ..          .           .        .  II.    (31  ­ 0,3  2004 .). 2004. . 57­59.  ..,  ..,  ..      . .:  , 2001. 75 .

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           , ,     (Johnsen, Sochting, 1973, Laundon, 1973, , 2002).   1999 ,              , , .    ,   ,       ,       SOČ    .               ,        H  (.1; 2).
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 1.    . 
        Physcia dubia Physcia stellaris Scoliciosporum chlorococum Parmelia sulcata Xanthoria parietina Physconia perisidiosa Phaeophyscia nigricans Xanthoria fallax Lecanora conizaeoides Physcia tenella Caloplaca species Candelariella vitellina Phaeophyscia orbicularis Caloplaca pyracella Physconia detersa Cladonia coniocraea 1 5 1 1 V . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . IV V . . . . . . II . II . . . . . 2 9 4 3 12 8 2 V V IV IV . . . . III II . . . . . . 4 5 8 II V II I V . . . I II . . . . . . 5 8 8 3 V IV III II IV . . . III II II . . . . . 6 7 10 V V III . . V I . I . . I I . . . 7 11 16 IV II I II II . V . II II . . . + . . 8 12 20 4 V III III I I + II V + III + I I I + . 9 12 20 IV III III II + . . . . II . + + + II II

 2.   ,     . 
 / 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7.   Physcia stellaris Physcia dubia Scoliciosporum chloroccocum Physconia peresidiosa Xanthoria parietina Phaeophyscia nigricans Xantoria fallax (X. substellaris) L 7 8 6 7 7 8 7 T 5 ­ 5 4 5 ­ 5 K 6 6 3 6 6 6 5 F 3 ­ 3 5 3 ­ 3 R 6 7 3 6 7 8 7 N 5 7 5 4 6 7 5 To 4 ­ 8 4 7 ­ 5 Sn W R L G L R AK R L RG L GR L RG L

. L ­ , T ­ , K ­ , F ­ , R ­  , N ­  , To ­ , Sn ­ , W ­  .

         ,     ,                  (Rabe, 1982).             ,         (, ,  ,
185

  ,   ,    .).    .  (,   II  I  )       .       .           :   ,          .            .    ,           ,    (Malhotra, Hocking, 1976).     . ,        ,      (Barkman,1958).  ,          3  4,   ,    ,     ,         .   ,             .     ,          ,    .               ,              .        ,              .        .       .               .      MEGATAB   ,                  .         ( ).             ,   
186

       .          ,    ,     ,     10­ 15%,      20°     50­70%.     .      1%,   20-        20%,      .               ,    ,     .      ,            .               ,            .          ,    ,     ,     10­15%,      20°     50­70%.         1%,   20-        20%.                   ,    « » ,     .        ,           . 
 ..    . .:  , 2002. 336 . Barkman J.J. Phytosociology and ecology of cryptogamic epiphytes, including taxonomic survey and description of their vegetation units in Europe. Assen, Van Gorcum, 1958. 628 p.

187

Johnsen I., Sochting U. Influence of air pollution on the epiphytic lichens vegetation and bark properties of deciduous trees in the Copenhagen area // Oikos. 1973. Vol. 24. P. 344­351. Laundon J.R Urban lichen studies / Air pollution and lichens (Ed. B.W. Ferry, M.S. Baddeley, D.L. Hawksworth). University of Toronto Press, Toronto, Ontario, Canada: 1973. P. 109­123. Malhotra S.S., Hocking D. Biochemical and cytological effects of sulphur dioxide on plant metabolism, New Phytol., 1976. P. 227­237. Rabe R. Der Nachweis von Luftverunreinigungen und ihrer Wirkungen durch Bioindikatoren, Forum Stadte-Hygiene, 1982. P. 15­21.

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188