,   ,       .         .                  .          ­ 72 ,         (,  ,          )  .          .         .        .         .           .         ,         .                 .   ­          .                     . .
   . ..  , . , . kovalyovy@mail.ru

          ()                        .     252

            (=280­320 ) (Huttunen, Laakso, 1998).      -               (Teramura, Sullivan, 1994; Fiscus, Booker, 1995; Fritzemeier, Kindl, 1981).    ,             (Teramura, Sullivan, 1994; Fiscus, Booker, 1995). ,             (Fritzemeier, Kindl, 1981).          100 .              (     )   ,           (Tobin, Silverthorne, 1985; Jordan, James, Strid, Anthony, 1994; Fuglevand, Jackson J.A., Jenkins G.I., 1996).                 .        14-      ,        -400  -400 ( ­ 16/8 )         20±2°.    - (++)    1 = 120 /2 (10 .); 2 = 240 /2 (20 .);   = 360 /2 (30 .).        - -81.  -    -1000.   ,    .                ,     ,     ..,  ..  1986 .           -26.    70%-  .    253

       ..,  ..        3­ 5-        .             (   )    ,            ,        /    , -,      . ,   ­    ­            (Stafford, 1991). ,        ,           (  ) ,            (Jordan, James, Strid, Anthony, 1994).      ,      120 /2       (%    )       109%    ;    240  360 /2        125%  59%    .                 ,   ,     ,        ,        (,       ).      ,     (3­4     24­48 )        .        (Teramura, Sullivan, 1994; Fiscus, Booker, 1995)  ,             de novo    (, , )  ,   
254

        ,    ( )   ,    -,         (, , , 2002)      .               /-      -  ­   ,    -  (, 1969),          (Sutherland, 1981)        - (, UVB-) (Fuglevand, Jackson, Jenkins, 1996).  ,       (  ,    ,    .),       (),         (, , , 2002)     (Sävenstrand, Broshé, Strid, 2002; , , 2002)              (/-)       . 
 ..,  ..,  ..       // .  . . . 2002. . 34.  3. . 187­198.  ..          . .: , 1968. 250 .  ..     // . . 1987. . 34. . 4. . 698­711.  ..,  ..         // . . 1986. . 33.  5. . 1013­1026.  ..   . .: , 1969. 511 .  ..,  ..       // .  . . . 2002. . 34.  3. . 213­226.  ..,  ..    //    . 1991. . 29. . 173­177. 255

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  . .. , . -, . oxyria@gmail.com. **   , . , . zverev@ecos.tsu.ru
*

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