,        ,         -   .       ,     -     (, ,   ,     .)        -  .                     . 
 ..         //      . , 1984. . 7­8.  ..,  ..,  ..      .    .    « ». .: - , 2002. . 143­302.  ..      . .: . 2002. 191 .  ..          .  2, 2004. . 1­11. Chernenkova T.V., Kuperman R.G. Changes in the spruce forest communities along a heavy metal deposition gradient on Kola peninsula // Water, Air and Soil Pollution. 111. 1999. . 187­200.

             . .
  . . .  , . -, . chinenko@ binran.ru, svch@ fromru.com

    .   (     , 69°07 . ., 36°25' .
289

)            .  ,      ,   -     ,      ,     200,   100 .  ,         .     ­    (   ,        ,    );       (    )    .     ,      ­  .       ,    ,     (Salix herbacea) ;       ­     .      ,            .               ,             (   ­     ,             ,          )         ().    .    275    148   59 .  5%    , 20% ­ , 35% ­   40% ­ .               ,        ,    ,    .    ­ Poacea  Cyperaceae ( 33 , 12% ).  Poaceae 1/3  (, Festuca ovina, F. rubra, Lerchenfeldia flexuosa)   ;        ,    .  . Cyperaceae      ­    ,     .     (19 , 7%)  .
290

Asteraceae (    );  (17 , 6%) ­ Caryophyllaceae,   ,            (Cerastium holosteoides, Dianthus superbus, Honckenya peploides, Melandrium lapponicum, Stellaria calycantha, S. crassifolia, S. humifusa, Steris alpina);  (14 , 5%) ­ Rosaceae,          (Alchemilla murbeckiana, Filipendula ulmaria, Geum rivale, Rubus saxatilis, Sorbus aucuparia).  5    ­ Salicaceae (     ), Juncaceae (      -), Ericaceae (  ,   ), Ranunculaceae (       ), Scrophulariaceae (   ).   ­ Carex (27 , 10%)  Salix (12 , 4%).   ­    (,  ,   ),      (S. glauca)   ,     (S. herbacea, S. nummularia, S. polaris)   (S. herbacea) ,     (S. caprea, S. hastata, S. myrsinifolia).       (26%)   (22%) .     (33 ) ­  (Betula nana, Equisetum arvense, Festuca ovina, F. rubra, Lerchenfeldia flexuosa, Rubus chamaemorus, Solidago lapponica, Vaccinium myrtillus, V. uliginosum, V. vitis-idaea),      ,  ,  .        (, -    : , 1968),      .       ,  ,   . 23%  ­   ,    (14%;  ­      ),  (7%)  ,      (Carex subspathacea, Cochlearia arctica, C. groenlandica, Primula stricta, Puccinellia coarctata, Stellaria humifusa)    (Arctophila fulva, Ranunculus pygmaeus, Saxifraga stellaris));   ,      . 20%  ­     ( ).            ;   ­  (Salix glauca, Empetrum hermaphroditum ­  
291

)     . 7%  ­ ,     . -   (2%),        .      ,     ,    (40­50%),  20­25%     (  ) , 10­15%  ,  ; -   .              (  )    ­ :      35%.    , ,    (50­55%)   ( 20%)    ­  ( 15%)   ( 10%) .         ,        .         ( 20%)        20%.       (45%)    ­     (5­10%).      30%        15­25%   .    (55­65%)   ,   (36%)    (41%).           .               (15­20%),    5­10%.         (83%)      ( 70%       90%     ),      (  20% ).  1/4   ­  (Equisetum arvense, Chamaepericlymenum suecicum, Festuca rubra, Rubus chamaemorus)  ;       ,    .       (Bistorta vivipara, Solidago lapponica)       ,  ,  ,   . 11%     (     ­ ,  ,  ), 3­5% ­  ( (Festuca ovina, Lerchenfeldia flexuosa),  (Deschampsia cespitosa),  (Hierochlöe alpina, Luzula cofusa, L.
292

spicata),  (Puccinellia coarctata, P. capillaris)),  ( ­ ,    ­ Agrostis stoloniera, Caltha palustris, Comarum palustre, Selaginella selaginoides, Ranunculus hyperboreus, R. pygmaeus),  (     ,    )   (    ).    (Coeloglossum viride (), Corallorhiza trifida (    ), Dactylorhiza fuchsii, D. maculata (      )),  ( Allium schoenoprasum)    (Utricularia minor) .   5%,     ( ­ Melampyrum pratense, Euphrasia frigida, Rhinanthus minor,  ­ Atriplex glabriuscula, A. nudicaulis, Cackile lapponica, Rhinanthus groenlandicus,     ­ Callitriche palustris, Montia fontana, Subularia aquatica); - Cochlearia arctica  C. groenlandica ­   .    12% : 7%  ( ­  ,    (Vaccinium spp.)   (Andromeda polifolia)), 3%  ( (Salix glauca, Betula nana)        ), 1%  (Betula czerepanovii, Populus tremula, Salix hastata  Sorbus aucuparia    ;  ,      ,      ).     ,    ,     .        (   ),     (  ,     (8%)   (3%) ,    (16%),  (8%),  (11%   5%   ) )    (   (22%),  ­   (13%),   ( 8%)     ).        02-04-49142  0504-49583       «   ». 
 ..  -. ., 1968. 235 . 293