.    .       11. , 2007. . 142-146.

      Salmo trutta L. morpha lacustris     «»
. . , . . 
     
       Salmo trutta L. morpha lacustris,   ,      «».              ,      .              Gammarus sp.    ( 3+),     .,         ,    .

Yu. A. SHUSTOV, A. Je. VESELOV. FEEDING AND GROWTH OF YOUNG SALMON TROUT Salmo trutta L. morpha lacustris IN THE WATER BODIES OF PAANAJARVI NATIONAL PARK
Feeding and growth of young salmon trout Salmo trutta L. morpha lacustris have been studied in brooks, rivers and lakes in Paanajarvi National Park. In the rivers on the rapids and rifts basic food is aerial and terrestrial insects as well as amphibian insects on adult stages. In lakes food spectrum is broadened by zooplankton and freshwater shrimps Gammarus sp. Parrs of salmon trout (3+) from the River Olanga that inhabit upper rapids are significantly bigger compared to fish from lakes and small rivers. ________________________________________________________________________________________________

   --   ,           ,            , -     (, 1948; Frost, Brown, 1967; Mills, 1971 .).            (McCrimmon, Marshall, 1968).       ,     ,       .              «» (- ),      .   -

      Salmo trutta L.    

  , ,       ,   -- «»  -- .       .     1     25    128  (..., 2002).           -- ,   Salvelinus fontinalis L.,  Coregonus sp.,       (, , 1995; , , 1999; Shustov et al., 2000).               (  ., 1995)     (  ., 1993; , 1995).              ,      (.)   «».

142

     «»:  , ,  ,  , , .  , . , . , . , .  

            .               ,      ,      . ,         Salmo salar L.                 . -,  -       ,        (  . 1978; , 1983).     ,      ,      .                  . -,            ,    (Erkinaro et al., 1995).

,        ,         ,     (   )   .          (. 1)           .   ( )   ( )     - .            (    ..., 1974).    (0/000)   :          10000.     ,     .  .      (. 2),       , ,        ,      ,   . 2   «Insecta (imago)».    -

143

    -- Diptera, ,       .          ,      .   « » (. 2)       --  Odonata,  Coleoptera, Hydracarina.              (Diaptomus sp., Heterocope sp.).             --  500 .,   --   Gammarus sp. --  60 .,   --    Phryganeidae --  80 .             3 ,    .   ,           --             .     91 .         --    .  .  .           -- , 

  . ,          .  (. 3).   ,           ,      ,   .          ,    ,      .   (    95%)     . .   ,     . ,   ( 3+)       ,     .  ,                «»  ,     -- ,              .      ,    .    . .        ,  . .   . .  (Keeley, Grant, 2001), ,         ,       .

 1.   
 .  .    .  .  .   .  .  .  .       ,   . ,   100 ,    5   . ,  5-10 ,    0,5   . ,   3-5 ,    0,3   ,   . ,   10 ,    1   ,   . ,   20 ,    1    1,3 ,  350 ,  .   . .  , , ,     1,5 ,  0,6 ,    . .  , .   1 ,  400 .  , ,    . ,   3 ,     0,2    1 ,  400 .  , ,       - .    -., 20 -- 2001 ., 2001 10 10 ., 2001 ., 2001 ., 2003 ., 2002 ., 2002 ., 2002 ., 2002 ., 2002 ., 2003 ., 2003 6 27 -- 6 5 21 29 11 -- -- 5 7 13 6 -- 21 9 -- 17 3

144

 2.         «»
  ., 2001 -- -- -- 40/1 Simuliidae Ephem eroptera Plecoptera Trichoptera Mollusca   Insecta (imago) Arachnidae Pisces   ,0/000  - , . - , . 90/20 40/<1 50/11 -- -- 100/18 30/<1 -- 62/6-136 43 10 60/<1 -- 40/1 -- -- 100/17 20/<1 -- 111/12213 21 5 86/18 29/<1 100/8 -- -- 100/12 14/<1 -- 61/2-167 43 7 17/<1 -- 67/<1 17/1 -- 100/9 17/<1 -- 76/6-142 12 6 54/<1 8/<1 100/11 -- 31/<1 31/<1 -- -- 17/4-4 13 13 41/1 -- 70/3 12/<1 12/<1 70/6 12/<1 -- 57/16-130 15 17 19/<1 -- 52/7 -- -- 71/19 -- 5/<1 158/0-347 32 21 55/2 -- 89/9 33/<1 -- 78/99 -- -- 84/1-287 113 9 33/2 -- 100/7 -- 100/2 100/57 -- -- 248/130-407 71 3  ., ., 2001 -- -- 20/<1 20/<1 , ., 2001 -- -- 29/2 29/<1 , ., 2002 -- -- -- --  , ., 2002 -- -- 55/1 --

 /    * Gammarus Chironomidae

,
., 2003 -- -- 23/<1 --

, ., 2003 -- -- 47/1 59/3

. , ., 2002 24/ 500 . 19/4 5/<1 --

. , ., 2003 -- 12/<1 -- --

*­       .   ­    %,   ­     <1 ­   .

145

 3.     ( , )  ,       .     «»
  1+ 2+ 3+ 4+ 5+ 6+   M±m min-max 9,5 14,3±0,4 11,0­20,0 20,3±1,3 14,5­28,0 30,0±1,2 23,5­35,5 29,5±2,2 25,5­36,5 44,0 ,   (.)   .  M±m M±m n n min-max min-max 10,2±0,8 1 6 -- 7,5­12,7 14,8±0,4 35 27 -- 10,5­18,8 17,7±0,5 24,6±0,3 14 16 13,7­20,7 22,7­26,5 27,0±0,7 10 -- -- 26,0­28,3 5 -- -- 32,2 1 -- -- 28,0

n -- -- 15 3 1 1

 . . 1948.      -

  // .; .: -  . . 1. 466 .  . .,  . . 1991.         Salmo salar L. morpha selago Girard   // . . . 31. . 2. C. 346-350.  . .,  . .,  . . 1995.       //      . . -  . . 116-122.         //      . . -  . . 122-126.  . .,  . . 1995.        «» //         . . . . . 19-23  1995. . . 54-56.            . . 1974. 254 .  . .,  . . 1999.    Salvelinus alpinus (Salmonidas) 

 . . 1995. -, -

   (  , ) // . . . 39. . 1. . 131-132.  «  ». 2002. http://parks.karelia.ru//paanajarvi/  . .,  . .,  . . 1978.      Salmo salar L. morpha selago Girard     // . . . 18. . 3. . 439-443.  .,  .,  . 1993.  //   . . . 74-80.  . . 1983.    . . 152 . Erkinaro J., Shustov Y., Niemela E. 1995. Enhanced growth and feeding rate in Atlantic salmon parr occupying a lacustrine habitat in the River Utsioki, Northern Scandinavia // J. Fish Biol. V. 47. P. 1096-1098. Frost W. E., Brown M. E. 1967. The trout. London, Collins. 286 p. Keeley E. R., Grant J. W. A. 2001. Prey size of salmonid fishes in streams, lakes, and oceans // Can. J. Fish and Aquat. Sci. V. 58. N 6. P. 1122-1132. Mc Crimmon H. R., Marshall T. L. 1968. World distribution of brown trout, Salmo trutta // J. Fish. Res. Bd. Can. V. 25. N 12. P. 2527-2548. Mills D. 1971. Salmon and trout: A resouce, its ecology, conservation and management. Edinburg. 351 p. Shustov Y.A., Systra Y. J., Kuusela K. et al. 2000. Ichtiofauna in small lakes of the Paanajarvi National Park // Oulanka Reports. V. 23. P. 121-125.

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